Where is dna decoded

Yes, Coursera provides financial aid to learners who cannot afford the fee. Apply for it by clicking on the Financial Aid link beneath the "Enroll" button on the left. Learn more. More questions? Visit the Learner Help Center. Basic Science. DNA Decoded. Thumbs Up. Enroll for Free Starts Nov Offered By. About this Course 49, recent views. Flexible deadlines. Shareable Certificate.

Intermediate Level. Hours to complete. Available languages. Instructor rating. Offered by. McMaster University Founded in , McMaster University is committed to creativity, innovation, and excellence by inspiring critical thinking, personal growth, and a passion for learning. Week 1. Video 7 videos. Meet the Decoders! How to Speak DNA 4m. Cracking the Genetic Code 4m. Packing it all in! The Double Helix 16m. Reading 4 readings. Timeline of DNA Discoveries 10m. Behind the Picture: Photo 51 interview 10m.

Biochemistry: The Operating System of Life video 10m. Quiz 6 practice exercises. How to Speak DNA 30m. Cracking the Genetic Code 30m. DNA Word Search 30m.

Week 2. Video 8 videos. The Scene of the Crime 4m. Stop copying me! DNA Replication 6m. Central Dogma, Part I: Transcription 8m. DNA Replication 3m. The Case of the Silenced Scientist 10m. Labster: Crime Scene Investigation 10m. Protein Data Bank 10m. Quiz 9 practice exercises. The Scene of the Crime 30m. DNA Replication 30m. Central Dogma, Pt 1: Transcription 30m.

Central Dogma, Pt 2: Translation 30m. Decipher the Secret Message 30m. Breaking the Code aka Game of Codons 30m. These potentially offer lower cost and faster processing for DNA sequencing. He told me: "There has been a competition running to see who can get the longest sequence. I think it is still friendly. Dr Loose went on to say: "Australia led for a while, but then we had a read just short of a million.

People were then competing to beat the record, in particular to be the first person to get a million-base-pair read. An Australian team from the Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics was first to pass the million-base milestone.

The technology that enables scientists to read runs of DNA sequences has come a long way since the millennium-era race to decode the first human genome. As costs continue to tumble, there is an expectation that personalised DNA sequencing is not far away. We might soon have our genome decoded during a trip to the doctor's surgery, or more controversially, our parents might have it read for us, before we are even born. But one of the remaining stumbling blocks is to put the DNA pieces together in the correct order.

Just as it is theoretically possible, but quite unlikely, that a chimpanzee might reproduce a work of Shakespeare with one finger typing, computer programs are unable to re-assemble genomes from short, jumbled DNA sequences. Dr Loose told me: "There are lots of ways by which you can read DNA, but the problem is that the genetic code, or genome, is often many billions of bases, and so to read them all is very difficult. He explained: "Nanopore sequencing promised lower cost and higher read lengths which means that we can look at interesting organisms which are yet to be sequenced, because their genomes are extraordinarily large.

Just as the scientists are competing to produce the longest DNA sequence, the technology companies are jostling to become market-leaders in delivering these new advances. In the future, these methods promise to both revolutionise the understanding of human health, and also bring the same methods to other plants and animals. Long-read DNA sequencing might be used to identify pathogens in foodstuffs, be employed in disease control in animals, used for the diagnosis of infection, and find uses in a vast number of food-related areas.

I asked Dr Loose about the excited references to "whale-watching" on social media. What does 'long' mean? It used to mean reads of bases instead of , then it meant 5, In July, Covert announced that he had created a rough simulation of an entire organism — a single-celled microbe called Mycoplasma genitalium. It is not completely accurate, but it captures much of M. Still, the stimulation was hard-won. At genes, M. It may be one of the simplest living things we can imagine, but modelling this microbe still took around 1, experiments and a lot of borrowed knowledge.

Covert also needed to factor in M. It lives only in the stable environment of our urethra, with no light, and steady temperature. The influence of the environment becomes even more crucial for more complex free-ranging organisms. Temperature and acidity affect how proteins behave. The food that an organism consumes, the infections that plague it, and the competitors it interacts with, all affect how it develops, and how its genes are used. The environment clearly matters. When making predictions from a genome, the elephant in the room is the room.

You could sequence a genome, construct a model or simulation, compare that to the real organism, work out the flaws in the model, and rectify those flaws with further experiments. Rinse and repeat. Eventually, you would have a zoo of models. If you have a new genome, start by comparing it to one of the existing simulations and work from there. If scientists are trying to find fungi or bacteria that can perform a specific job — say, clean up hazardous waste, to produce certain nutrients—it would be valuable to identify such organisms from their genomes alone.

And if that objective is to artificially design new life-forms , as folks like Craig Venter are trying to do, then prediction becomes essential, rather than wishful. It would just take a whole lot more work and continued technological development beyond what we can do today. All rights reserved.

Will we ever… predict earthquakes? Will we ever… photosynthesise like plants? Will we ever run the metres in 9 seconds? Will we ever clone a mammoth? Will we ever have an HIV vaccine? Will we ever correct diseases before birth? Will we ever have a fool-proof lie detector? Will we ever talk to dolphins?